RESUMEN Contexto: Las redes eléctricas de distribución han sufrido varios cambios en la última década. Algunos cambios incluyen la incorporación de fuentes de energía distribuidas como los sistemas de generación solar fotovoltaica (PV). Esto podría modificar el rendimiento de la red eléctrica y generar nuevos desafíos como la evaluación de los impactos de la integración fotovoltaica, la respuesta a las perturbaciones eléctricas y climáticas y la planificación y reestructuración de las redes. El comportamiento de la red eléctrica frente a la integración fotovoltaica podría evaluarse cuantificando la variación en la operación e incluyendo la resiliencia de la red. Objetivo: Proponer un marco de referencia para la evaluación de la resiliencia de las redes eléctricas de BT con inyección de potencia PV. Metodología: Este artículo aborda el marco para evaluar el desempeño de una red eléctrica de baja tensión (BT) frente a la integración de sistemas PV. Recoge investigaciones relacionadas con la evaluación de la resiliencia de las redes eléctricas ante cambios climáticos severos, desastres naturales y maniobras típicas, y luego propone una guía para evaluar el desempeño de las redes eléctricas de baja tensión con la integración de las fuentes de generación fotovoltaica e incluye la resiliencia. Para ello, se propone la determinación de índices de evaluación de resiliencia, los cuales se obtienen de una transformación normalizada de los parámetros eléctricos medibles de las redes que son más afectados por la integración fotovoltaica o son significativos en el rendimiento de las redes. Finalmente se presenta la evaluación de un índice de resiliencia propuesto para una red LV de BT de un edificio universitario como caso de estudio. Resultados: La propuesta de evaluación de resiliencia se aplica a un caso de estudio. Al evaluar la resiliencia de la tensión en el punto de acoplamiento común del PV, se obtiene un índice de 0,84, equivalente a 59,8 horas de sobretensión. Conclusiones: Es posible mejorar la resiliencia de la red de BT mediante estrategias de gestión. En el caso de estudio, se obtuvo una reducción del 29% de las horas con sobretensión aplicando una estrategia de reducción al sistema PV. Financiamiento: ECOS-Nord, Minciencias y la Universidad Industrial de Santander.

ABSTRACT Context: Electrical distribution networks have undergone several changes in the last decade. Some of these changes include incorporating distributed energy sources such as solar photovoltaic (PV) generation systems. This could modify the performance of electrical networks and lead to new challenges such as evaluating the impacts of the PV integration, the response to electrical and climatic disturbances, and the planning and restructuring of networks. Electrical network behavior with respect to PV integration could be evaluated by quantifying the variation in operation and including network resilience. Objective: To propose a reference framework to evaluate the resilience of LV electrical networks with PV power injection. Methodology: This paper addresses the framework for evaluating the performance of a low-voltage (LV) electrical network in the face of the integration of PV systems. It collects research related to evaluating the resilience of electrical networks on severe climate changes, natural disasters, and typical maneuvers, and then, it proposes a guideline to evaluate the performance of LV electrical networks with the integration of PV generation sources while including resilience. To this effect, the determination of resilience evaluation indices is proposed. These indices are obtained from a normalized transformation of the networks’ measurable electrical parameters that are the most affected by PV integration or are significant in the performance of the networks. Finally, the evaluation of a proposed resilience index for a university building’s LV network is presented as a case study. Results: The resilience assessment proposal is applied to a case study. When evaluating the resilience of the voltage at the common coupling point of the PV, an index of 0,84 is obtained, which is equivalent to 59,8 hours of overvoltage. Conclusions: It is possible to improve the resilience of the BT-LV network through management strategies. In the case study, a 29% reduction in overvoltage hours was obtained by applying a curtailment strategy to the PV system. Financing: ECOS-Nord, Minciencias, and Universidad Industrial de Santander.

Resumen Introducción. En el paciente con pancreatitis aguda severa, la presencia de necrosis infectada y falla multiorgánica se asocian con una mortalidad del 20-40 %. La tomografía computarizada con contraste intravenoso y la clasificación del Consenso de Atlanta 2012 son importantes herramientas de diagnóstico para el tratamiento oportuno. En esta investigación, se analizó la relación del índice de severidad tomográfico y los cambios morfológicos locales según dicha clasificación, con la estancia hospitalaria, intervención, infección y mortalidad de los pacientes. Métodos. Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva realizado entre los años 2015 y 2019, donde se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 15 años con pancreatitis aguda severa diagnosticado por tomografía computarizada con contraste, y se evaluó el índice de severidad tomográfico y los cambios morfológicos según la clasificación de Atlanta 2012, en relación con los desenlaces clínicos de los pacientes. Resultados. Se incluyeron 56 pacientes, en el 82,1 % (n=46) de los casos la causa fue litiásica. La falla orgánica fue principalmente pulmonar 53,6 % (n=30) y cardiovascular 55,4 % (n=31). Según la tomografía, se clasificó como severa (7-10 puntos) en el 91,1 % (n=51) de los pacientes. En pacientes con necrosis amurallada infectada la estancia hospitalaria media fue mayor (78,5 días); en todos los pacientes con pancreatitis severa se encontró infección y fueron sometidos a algún tipo de intervención. La mortalidad fue menor del 10 % (n=5). Discusión. El índice de severidad tomográfica para la categorización de severo se correlacionó en un 90 % con pancreatitis aguda severa. Una tomografía de control a la cuarta semana podría identificar complicaciones tardías para un manejo precoz.

Abstract Introduction. In patients with severe acute pancreatitis, the presence of infected necrosis and multiple organ failure are associated with a mortality of 20-40%. Computed tomography with intravenous contrast and the 2012 Atlanta Consensus classification are important diagnostic tools for timely treatment. In this research, the relationship between the tomographic severity index and the local morphological changes according to that classification, with the hospital stay, intervention, infection and mortality of the patients was analyzed. Methods. Retrospective cohort study carried out between the years 2015 and 2019, which included patients older than 15 years with severe acute pancreatitis diagnosed by contrast computed tomography, the tomographic severity index and morphological changes according to the Atlanta 2012 classification were evaluated, in relationship with the clinical outcomes of the patients. Results. Fifty-six patients were included, in 82.1% (n=46) of the cases the cause was lithiasis. Organ failure was mainly pulmonary 53.6% (n=30) and cardiovascular 55.4% (n=31). According to the tomography, it was classified as severe (7-10) in 91.1% (n=51) of the patients. In patients with infected walled necrosis, the mean hospital stay was longer (78.5 days); infection was found in all patients with severe pancreatitis and they underwent some type of intervention. Mortality was less than 10% (n=5). Discussion. The tomographic severity index for the categorization of severity is 90% correlated with severe acute pancreatitis. A control tomography at the fourth week could identify late complications for early management.

Abstract The objective of the work reported was to show the transformations the research shows about the family and to identify if couples without children are considered as an emerging typology of family configuration. The importance of the relationship between the categories of family and a couple without children is that this is a time when a significant reduction in the birth rate can be seen worldwide. Furthermore, households made up of couples who state that they do not want to have children also represent a striking increase. On the other hand, this phenomenon has led to the emergence of research categories such as DINK, Childfree and NoMo families, which converge in the increase of couples without children and of women who do not wish to have children. From a documentary research under the modality of the state of the art, 35 articles were collected for this study between 1992 and 2017, which were analyzed from a hermeneutic perspective from the thematic nuclei “definition and transformation of the concept of ‘family’” and “Research perspectives on the relationship between childless couples and family”. The search required the following categories in Spanish and English: “significado de familia/meaning of family”, “definición de familia/definition of family”, “concepto de familia/family concept”, “parejas sin hijos/couple without children/childfree/NoMo”, “nuevas tipologías familiares/new family typologies”, “familia DINK/DINK family” y “familia moderna/modern family”. The databases taken into account for the study were Scopus, SciELO, Dialnet Plus, Psicodoc, EBSCO, DOAJ, Redalyc and Google Academic. Most research agrees that consanguinity and procreation are no longer essential criteria for forming a family, and thus, couples without children are constituted as a new family typology characterized by more equitable, consensual and democratic ways of making decisions. The main reason for this change is the new place that women have conquered in society after decades of struggle for their rights, favoring a questioning of the patriarchal system and the hegemonic model of the family called the nuclear family. The discussions about gender imaginaries that began with greater force in the 20th century, give a place to women in working life that, over time, has favored a questioning about the relationship between motherhood and being a woman. Research presents different criteria to define the family, which shows that this is a time when there is not one model but several family models. For its part, this diversity has been expressed not only in the dimension of social representations but also in the legal sphere; This is expressed this way, since several investigations in the field of law show transformations in Latin American constitutions by ways of understanding the family in a more plural way and based on fundamental rights. Finally, the collection of research shows that the study on the category of couples without children is incipient, that is, it corresponds to a phenomenon that, despite enjoying statistical evidence, can be considered emergent in culture insofar as its relevance corresponds to the last decades. Most studies that deal directly or indirectly with the category of childless couple, consider this form of bond as a form of family and explain how at this time this definition is mainly determined by affective criteria, values built between the members, and relational dynamics; leaving in the background the criteria of consanguinity or kinship from the nuclear model.

Resumen El objetivo del trabajo que se informa fue mostrar cuáles son las transformaciones que las investigaciones manifiestan sobre la familia e identificar si las parejas sin hijos son consideradas como una tipología emergente de configuración familiar. A partir de una investigación documental al modo de estado del arte, se recolectaron 35 artículos entre 1992 y 2017, que se analizaron desde una perspectiva hermenéutica a partir de los núcleos temáticos “definición y transformación del concepto de ‘familia’” y “perspectivas investigativas en torno a la relación entre parejas sin hijos y familia”. La mayoría concuerda con que la consanguinidad y la procreación ya no son criterios indispensables para conformar una familia, y así, las parejas sin hijos se constituyen como una nueva tipología familiar que se caracteriza por modos más equitativos, consensuales y democráticos de tomar decisiones; todo esto, bajo el contexto social de una profunda transformación de los roles de género desde el siglo XX.

Resumen El nacionalismo kurdo es un fenómeno de relevancia mundial que ha cobrado mayor notoriedad des- de hace quince años, con la invasión de Irak por parte de Estados Unidos (2003) y el empoderamiento del Estado Islámico. En este contexto, los kurdos han ganado algunas reivindicaciones con la con- formación de regiones autónomas en Irak y Siria. En este artículo se exploran y caracterizan desde la literatura las relaciones de poder tejidas entre los kurdos y los países que tienen soberanía sobre su territorio, mediante el análisis de las novelas El halcón (1997), de Yasar Kemal, novelista turco; Las plumas (1992), del poeta y novelista sirio Salim Barakat; Tierra de frontera (2001), de Sherko Fatah, escritor alemán de origen kurdo-iraquí; y el libro de cuentos El loco de la plaza Libertad (2016), de Has- san Blasim, cineasta y escritor iraquí. Para estudiar la relación de poder entre los kurdos y los Estados donde viven se formularon y desarrollaron tres categorías de análisis: cultura kurda, con base en el concepto de habitus de Pierre Bourdieu; relación entre los kurdos y los Estados que atraviesan Kurdistán, con sustento en la teoría del poder de Michel Foucault; y la subversión como intento independentista, según el concepto de línea de fuga de Gilles Deleuze y Félix Guattari.

Abstract Kurdish nationalism is a phenomenon of global relevance that has gained greater notoriety since fifteen years ago, with the invasion of Iraq by the United States (2003) and the empowerment of the Islamic State. In this context, the Kurds have won some demands with the formation of autono- mous regions in Iraq and Syria. This article explores and characterizes from literature the power rela- tions woven between the Kurds and the countries that have sovereignty over their territory, through the analysis of the novels The hawk (1997), by Yasar Kemal, a Turkish novelist; The feathers (1992), by Syrian poet and novelist Salim Barakat; Borderland (2001), by Sherko Fatah, a German writer of Kurdish-Iraqi origin; and the storybook The Madman of Freedom Square (2016), by Hassan Blasim, an Iraqi filmmaker and writer. To study the power relations between the Kurds and the States whe- re they live, three categories of analysis were made and developed: Kurdish culture, based on Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of habitus. relations between the Kurds and the states that cross Kurdistan, based on Michel Foucault’s theory of power; and subversion as an attempt at independence, according to the con- cept of the line of flight of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari.

Resumo O nacionalismo curdo é um fenômeno de relevância mundial que vem ganhando atenção há 15 anos, com a invasão do Iraque por parte dos Estados Unidos (2003) e do empoderamento do Estado Islâ- mico. Nesse contexto, os curdos conquistaram algumas de suas reivindicações com a conformação de regiões autônomas no Iraque e na Síria. Neste artigo, são exploradas e caracterizadas, com base na literatura, as relações de poder entre os curdos e os países que têm soberania sobre seu território mediante a análise dos romances Memed, meu falcão (1997), de Yasar Kemal, romancista turco; As penas (1992), do poeta e romancista sírio Salim Barakat; Na região limítrofe (2001), de Sherko Fatah, escritor alemão de origem curdo-iraquiana, e o livro de contos O louco da praça da liberdade (2016), de Hassan Blasim, cineasta e escritor iraquiano. Para estudar a relação de poder entre os curdos e os Es- tados onde moram, são formuladas e desenvolvidas três categorias analíticas: cultura curda, com base no conceito de “habitus” de Pierre Bourdieu; relação entre os curdos e os Estados que cruzam o Curdistão, apoiada na teoria do poder de Michel Foucault, e a subversão como tentativa de independência, segundo o conceito de “linha de fuga”, de Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari.

ABSTRACT: The reconstruction of peripheral nerves with allografts of human acellular nerves in neurosurgery is well studied, establishing its predictability and success in interventions mainly in the digital nerves of the hands. In maxillofacial surgery there is a growing investigation to be able to restore the inferior alveolar nerve in mandibular resection surgeries where the removal of this nervous structure is inevitable. The objective of this publication is to show a case report in which the reconstruction of the inferior alveolar nerve was performed with human acellular nerve allograft (Avance® Nerve Graft, Axogen) with microsurgery in order to provide sensitivity to the region of the affected face in a reconstructed patient with a microvascularized bone fibula graft after hemimandibulectomy due to plexiform ameloblastoma.

RESUMEN: La reconstrucción de nervios periféricos con aloinjertos nerviosos acelulares humanos en neurocirugía ha sido bastante estudiada estableciendo su predictibilidad y éxito en intervenciones principalmente en los nervios digitales de las manos. En cirugía maxilofacial existe una creciente investigación para poder restaurar el nervio alveolar inferior en cirugías de resección mandibular en donde la extirpación de esta estructura nerviosa es inevitable. El objetivo de esta publicación es mostrar un reporte de un caso en donde se realizó la reconstrucción del nervio alveolar inferior con aloinjerto de nervio acelular humano (Avance® Nerve Graft, Axogen) con microcirugía para poder proveer de sensibilidad a la región de la cara afectada en un paciente reconstruido con un injerto de fíbula microvascularizada posterior a una hemimandibulectomía por ameloblastoma plexiforme.

Resumen Lacomunicaciónen movilidad hacambiado muchísimos aspectos de la vida moderna al transformar y alterar los cimientos de la comunicación, tanto en el plano personal, como de manera mediática. Los móviles en manos de millones de personas han provocado cambios culturales, sociales y de comportamiento, con consecuencias para los medios de comunicación, la economía, la política y muchos otros aspectos de la cultura humana. Particularmente, en las facultades de Comunicación, el impacto de esta transformación ha alterado los procesos de formación de los nuevos profesionales. Por esta razón, a través de esta investigación hemos querido trazar el perfil social y cultural de los jóvenes prosumidores que se forman en las facultades de comunicación del Valle de Aburrá. Comprender cómo usan los móviles, cómo producen con ellos, qué tipo de consumos tienen y cómo interactúan a través de ellos, puede aportar a la comprensión de dicho impacto.

Abstract Mobility communication has changed many aspects of modern life by transforming and altering the foundations of communication, both personally and in the media. Mobiles in the hands of millions of people have caused cultural, social and behavioral changes, with consequences for the media, the economy, politics and many other aspects of human culture. Particularly, in the faculties of Communication, the impact of this transformation has altered the training processes of new professionals. For this reason, through this research we wanted to trace the social and cultural profile of the young prosumers who are trained in the communication faculties of the Aburrá Valley. Understanding how they use mobiles, how they produce with them, what type of consumption they have and how they interact through them, can contribute to understanding this impact

Abstract Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the sensory profile characteristics of the children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and children with typical development (TD) within the ages of 3 and 12 years who attended the rehabilitation center in Barranquilla and Valledupar Colombia. Methods: A study of descriptive type correlation of the sensory profile was conducting using the Short Sensory Profile 2 by Winnie Dunn on boys and girls with an ASD diagnosis and children with a TD. Results: A total of 59 test subjects were included in the study comprised 39 children on the ASD (5 girls and 36 boys) and 28 children with a TD (11 girls and 17 boys). The medium age was 6.97 for the ASD group and 6.61 for the TD group. There are differences in each of the patterns of pre-processing and sensory systems analyzed in children on the ASD and TD (p < 0.05) except at the visual system processing level (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The study indicates that there is a significant difference in between the ASD group and the TD group, these differences indicate that the population with ASD presents higher level in regard to sensory processing patterns in comparison to TD in accordance to each category in the Short Sensory Profile 2 by Winnie Dunn.

Resumen Mediante la ecuación de balance hídrico superficial se estima la escorrentía media anual en la zona continental del dominio geográfico de Centro América para el programa Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) y se validan los resultados en los principales ríos de la región del Pacífico Colombiano: Atrato, San Juan, Baudó, Patía y Mira, usando los registros de caudales medios mensuales de las estaciones hidrológicas del Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales (IDEAM), así como los caudales reportados en el Estudio Nacional del Agua. Para la estimación de los campos de precipitación se usa información de Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) y Climate Hazard group InfraRed Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS), para la evapotranspiración real se usa información del Max Planck Institute (MPI), así como los métodos de Choudhury y Budyko partiendo de información de evapotranspiración potencial del Climatic Research Unit (CRU). Los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir que sobre la región de estudio se presentan un cierre casi perfecto en la ecuación de balance hídrico en los ríos Atrato y Baudó, con errores del orden de 10-20%, en contraste la cuenca del Río Mira presenta errores del orden de 40%.

Abstract Using the surface water balance equation, the average annual runoff in the continental zone of the geographic domain of Central America for Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) is estimated, and results are validated along the Colombian Pacific rivers, namely Atrato, San Juan, Baudó, Patía and Mira, using historical streamflow records, as well as streamflows reported in the National Water Study. Precipitation was estimated using the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and Climate Hazard group InfraRed Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS) data sets. Actual evapotranspiration was estimated using the Max Planck Institute (MPI) data sets, as well as the Choudhury and Budyko methods based estimates of potential evapotranspiration from Climatic Research Unit (CRU). Results allow concluding that the surface balance equation exhibits an almost perfect closure over the Atrato and Baudó Rivers, with errors on the order of 10-20%, whereas for the Mira River errors are on the order of 40%.

RESUMEN Introducción: la plastinación es una técnica de conservación de componentes anatómicos que consiste en reemplazar las moléculas de agua por un polímero. Esto se logra en cuatro etapas (fijación, deshidratación, impregnación forzada y curado). Con base en ello nuestro objetivo fue adaptar el método estándar alemán, a las condiciones propias del Laboratorio de Plastinación de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Antioquia (UDEA). Materiales y métodos: se adaptó el método estándar alemán al reemplazar el agente deshidratante original, la acetona, por alcohol isopropílico. Fue necesario modificar la temperatura de la etapa de impregnación forzada en la técnica estándar alemana, realizada en su totalidad en frío. Esto hace que la técnica adaptada requiera realizar una segunda impregnación a temperatura ambiente. Resultados: se han obtenido 343 piezas plastinadas, de estas, 150 mediante el protocolo de plastinación UDEA, con las características descritas en el método estándar alemán: secas, inodoras, de aspecto natural y duradero. Discusión: aunque la técnica de plastinación de la UDEA aumenta el consumo de polímeros, es favorable en la relación costo/beneficio, pues disminuye los costos respecto a la aplicación de la técnica estándar alemana en nuestro medio. Emplear piezas plastinadas para la enseñanza tiene distintas ventajas. Permite reemplazar el uso de la conservación de piezas a base de formaldehído, evitando la exposición al mismo y sus efectos nocivos para la salud; por lo cual el uso de la misma ha ayudado a fortalecer diversos programas académicos en nuestra facultad.

SUMMARY Introduction: Plastination is a preservation method of anatomical components; which consists of replacing the water molecules with a polymer, this is achieved in four stages (fixation, dehydration, forced impregnation and curing), based on this our objective was to adapt the plastination technique known as the German standard technique, to the conditions of the Laboratory of Plastination of the UDEA. Materials and methods: We adapted the standard German plastination method by replacing the original dehydrating agent, acetone, with isopropyl alcohol; it was necessary to modify the temperature of the forced impregnation step in the standard German technique completely done in cold; requiring in our technique to perform a second impregnation at room temperature. Results: A total of 343 plastinated pieces were obtained, 150 with the plastination protocol UDEA, with the characteristics described in the standard German method: dry, odorless, natural looking and durable. Discussion: The plastination technique of the UDEA, although it increases the consumption of polymers, the cost / benefit ratio is still favorable, since it reduces the costs with respect to the application of standard German techniques in our environment. Employing plastinated pieces for teaching have different advantages, in turn it allows to replace the use of the conservation of pieces with base of formaldehyde, avoiding the exposure to the same and their harmful effects for the health; so the use of it has helped to strengthen various academic programs in our faculty.

Resumen Un problema importante en el análisis de mercado de valores y la recuperación de información musical es el empareja- miento con preservación de orden. Este problema es una variante recientemente introducida del problema de empareja- miento de cadenas en el que busca subcadenas en el texto cuya representación natural coincide con la representación natural del patrón. La representación natural de una cadena X es una cadena que contiene los rankings de los caracteres que ocurren en cada posición de X. Entonces, el emparejamiento con preservación de orden considera la estructura inter- na de las cadenas en lugar de sus valores absolutos. Pero tanto en el análisis de mercado de valores como en la recuperación de información musical, se requiere más flexibilidad: no sólo las subcadenas con exactamente la misma estructura son de interés, sino también las que son similares. En este artículo se propone una versión aproximada del problema de emparejamiento con preservación de orden basada en las distancias δγ que permiten un error individual entre el ranking de los símbolos correspondientes (delimitada por δ) y un error global de todas los rankings (delimitadas por γ). Se presenta un algoritmo que resuelve este problema en O(nm+m log m). Los resultados experimentales verifican la eficiencia del algoritmo propuesto.

Abstract A problem with important applications in stock market analysis and music information retrieval is order-preserving matching. This problem is a recently introduced variant of the string matching problem that searches for substrings in the text whose natural representation matches the natural representation of the pattern. The natural representation of a string X is a string that contains the rankings of the characters occurring at each position of X. Then, order-preserving matching regardsthe internal structure of the strings rather than their absolute values. But both stock market analysis and music information retrieval require more flexibility: not only the substrings with exactly the same structure are of interest, but also the ones that are similar. In this paper, we propose an approximate version of order-preserving matching based on the δγ- distances that permit an individual error between the ranking of corresponding symbols (bounded by δ) and a global error of all the positions (bounded by γ). We present an algorithm that solves this problem in O(nm+m log m). Experimental results verify the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

Resumo Um grande problema na análise do mercado de ações e na recuperação de informações musicais é o emparelhamento com a preservação de ordem. Esse problema é uma variante recentemente introduzida do problema de correspondência de cordas que procura por substrings no texto cuja representação natural corresponde à representação natural do padrão. A representação natural de uma corda X é uma corda que contém as classificações dos caracteres que ocorrem em cada posição de X. Então, a correspondência de preservação de ordem considera a estrutura interna das cordas em vez de seus valores absolutos. Mas na análise do mercado de ações, bem como na recuperação da informação musical, é necessária mais flexibilidade: não são apenas as sub-cordas com exatamente a mesma estrutura que interessam, mas também as que são semelhantes. Neste artigo, propomos uma versão aproximada da emparelhamento com preservação de ordem com base nas distâncias δγ- que permitem um erro individual entre a classificação de símbolos correspondentes (delimitada por δ) e um erro global de Todas as posições (delimitadas por γ). Apresentamos um algoritmo que resolve este problema em O(nm+m log m). Os resultados experimentais verificaram a eficiência do algoritmo proposto.

Resumen La Atención Pre Hospitalaria (APH) reduce la letalidad, minimiza la morbilidad y sus secuelas en situaciones de urgencia y emergencia. Evaluar su grado de desarrollo es relevante. Metodología: Revisión sistemática de literatura, consulta a expertos y prueba piloto de un sistema de indicadores de APH para incidentes viales en Colombia implementado en 6 ciudades, un departamento y una concesión vial. Resultados: Según lineamientos políticos, normativos, conceptuales y metodológicos, internacionales y nacionales, se propuso un sistema de indicadores para ser aplicado según el desarrollo territorial de la APH; hubo diversas dificultades para implementarlo. Conclusión: Es necesario fortalecer los servicios de APH y estandarizar un sistema de información para su monitoreo en el país.

Abstract Prehospital care (PHC) reduces lethality and minimizes morbidity and its effects in urgency and emergency situations. Assessing its degree of development is thus relevant. Methodology: the authors used a systematic review of the literature, inquiries to experts and a pilot test with a system of PHC indicators for road incidents in Colombia which was implemented in 6 cities, one department and one highway concession. Results: according to political, regulatory, conceptual, methodological, international and national guidelines, a system of indicators was proposed to be applied in accordance with the territorial development of PHC. However, there were a number of difficulties to implement it. Conclusion: it is necessary to strengthen PHC and standardize an information system for monitoring it in Colombia.

Resumo A Assistência Pré-Hospitalar (APH) reduz a letalidade, minimiza a morbidade e as suas sequelas em situações de urgência e emergência. Avaliar seu grau de desenvolvimento é relevante. Metodologia: Revisão sistemática de literatura, consulta a especialistas e teste piloto de um sistema de indicadores de APH para incidentes viários na Colômbia implantado em 6 cidades, um estado do país e uma concessão viária. Resultados: De acordo com diretrizes políticas, normativas, conceituais e metodológicas, internacionais e nacionais, propôs-se um sistema de indicadores para ser aplicado segundo o desenvolvimento territorial da APH; houve diferentes dificuldades para a sua implantação. Conclusão: É preciso fortalecer os serviços de APH e padronizar um sistema de informação para seu monitoramento no país.

Resumo A glomerulonefrite rapidamente progressiva pauci-imune apresenta-se geralmente associada a vasculite de pequenos vasos, com poucos casos associados a outras doenças imunes como o lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES). Apresentamos no presente artigo o caso de uma mulher de 34 anos de idade com sintomas de insuficiência renal aguda e indicação de terapia renal substitutiva, no contexto de diagnóstico clínico de LES. A biópsia renal realizada revelou que a maioria dos glomérulos apresentavam um certo grau de esclerose segmentar e sinéquias com a cápsula de Bowman. Sessenta e sete por cento dos glomérulos apresentava crescentes fibroepiteliais. Além disso, o espaço intersticial exibia infiltrado linfomononuclear moderado e fibrose discreta. Nas arteríolas, as paredes encontravam-se espessadas por esclerose subintimal. A imunofluorescência direta detectou depósitos limitados de IgM e C3 nas alças capilares e mesângio negativo para IgG, IgA e C1q. Tratamento com corticosteroides e ciclofosfamida endovenosa foi iniciado com evolução estável. A glomerulonefrite rapidamente progressiva pauci-imune associada a LES é uma patologia rara com manifestação clínica e evolução variada, sem tratamento clínico padronizado.

Abstract The pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis (PICGN) is generally associated with small-vessel vasculitis with a few reported cases associated with other autoimmune diseases such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). We present the case of a female 34-year-old patient with acute kidney injury symptoms with indication for renal replacement therapy in the context of clinical SLE diagnosis. A kidney biopsy was conducted and it was found that most glomeruli showed some segmental sclerosis with synechia to the Bowman's capsule. 67% of the glomeruli had fibroepithelial crescents. Moreover, the interstitial space had a moderate lymphomononuclear infiltration and mild fibrosis. In the arterioles, there were walls thickened by subintimal sclerosis. Direct immunofluorescence detected limited IgM and C3 deposits in capillary loops and negative mensangium for IgG, IgA and C1q. A therapy using corticosteroids and intravenous cyclophosphamide was initiated with stable evolution. PICGN associated with SLE is a rare pathology with clinical presentation, varied evolution and without a standard medical treatment.

Abstract: Gynerium sagittatum is a grass that has great ecological adaptability, which makes it an ideal lignocellulosic source for the manufacture of fiberboards. The effects of pressing pressure and the addition of kraft lignin on the physicomechanical properties of high density fiberboards of Gynerium sagittatum are evaluated. The raw material is pretreated in a steam explosion reactor at severity 4,1. The pressing temperature is set at 217°C. The pressing pressure is varied between 2 and 15 MPa. The most appropriate pressing pressure to obtain a good quality boards is 2 MPa. The values of properties at optimal conditions are: modulus of elasticity 6000 MPa, modulus of rupture 47 MPa, internal bond 1,50 MPa 24 h water absorption 25% and 24 h thickness swelling 15%. Based on these operating conditions, the inclusion of lignin between 0 and 30% is evaluated. The addition of lignin does not significantly affect the mechanical performance of the fiberboards but improve its dimensional stability. The obtained values for 24 h water absorption and 24 h thickness swelling are 19% and 8,5% respectively, at a 20% of lignin addition.

Resumen: El Gynerium sagittatum es una gramínea que presenta gran adaptabilidad ecológica lo cual la hace una fuente lignocelulósica ideal para la fabricación de tableros aglomerados sin aditivos sintéticos. Se evalúa el efecto de la presión de prensado y de la adición de lignina kraft purificada sobre las propiedades fisicomecánicas de tableros de fibras de Gynerium sagittatum de alta densidad. La materia prima es pretratada en un reactor de steam explosion a severidad 4,1 y la temperatura de prensado se fija en 217°C. Se varia la presión de prensado entre 2 y 15 MPa. Se determina que la presión de prensado más apropiada para obtener tableros de buena calidad es 2 MPa obteniendo valores para el módulo de elasticidad de 6000 MPa, módulo de ruptura de 47 MPa, enlace interno de 1,50 MPa, absorción de agua durante 24 horas de 25% e hinchamiento en espesor durante 24 horas del 15%. Partiendo de estas condiciones de operación, se evalúa la inclusión de lignina entre 0 y 30%. Se determina que el aumento de lignina no afecta significativamente el desempeño mecánico de los tableros, pero sí su estabilidad dimensional, dando como resultado una absorción de agua durante 24 horas de 19% e hinchamiento en espesor durante 24 horas del 8,5%, a un valor óptimo de 20% de inclusión de lignina.

The differential diagnosis of non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is often complex due to a wide clinical variability of its presentation, including psychiatric manifestations. We report a 68 years old male with a history of depression treated with venlafaxine, mirtazapine, quetiapine and risperidone, presenting in the emergency room with confusion and generalized rigidity. A brain CT scan did not show lesions. A neuroleptic syndrome was initially suspected. At the third day the obtundation worsened and an electroencephalogram (EEG) was performed, which showed epileptiform abnormalities. Treatment with valproic acid resulted in disappearance of such abnormalities. After three weeks of mechanical ventilation, the patient was extubated and remained lucid and partially orientated in time and space.